Informatics Publishing Limited

A. Ramesh ¹, G. Madhu ¹, P. A. Soloman ²

Affiliations
1 Division of Safety and Fire Engineering, School of Engineering, CUSAT Cochin
2 Department of Chemical Engineering, Govt Engineering College, Thrissur

Abstract

The data of cement production, clinker production and thermal and electrical energy consumption of the selected cement industries in India were collected for the period 2001-2010. It was found that the cement production rate increases every year and thus the related CO₂ emissions. A system dynamic model was developed in order to predict the CO₂ emissions based on data collected from the selected cement industries. Finally, the model was modified and applied to the projection of cement production and associated CO₂ emissions in India up to 2030 starting from 2010 as base year. This modified model was run under three scenarios; such as baseline scenario, scenario-1(S1) and scenario-2(S2). Energy conservation policy was also incorporated in the model to estimate the future CO₂ emissions reduction

Keywords

Cement Production, System Dynamic Model, CO₂ Emission

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A. Ramesh ¹, G. Madhu ¹, B. Deepak ²

Affiliations
1 Division of Safety and Fire Engineering, School of Engineering, CUSAT Cochin, Kerala, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Govt. Engineering College, Thrissur, Kerala, IN

Abstract

The CO₂ emission from Indian cement industries shows a continuous rising trend due to increase in the production. Based on the specific thermal energy consumption in the Indian Cement industries they are classified as class A, Class B and Class C in three categories. For each class a complete decomposition analysis is used to evaluate the relative contribution of components such as pollution effect, energy intensity effect, structural effect and activity effect for the changes in energy induced CO₂ emissions. The result shows that the pollution effect, energy intensity effect were increasing and decreasing trends respectively for class A industries for the period compare to class B and C. This is due to effective fuel conversion process to reduce the amount of fuel consumed and associated CO₂ emission in the class A industries. The structural share of Class A industries has shown a decreasing trend for the entire time period due to higher rate of production compared to class B and C. However activation coefficient of all the above industries shows a positive trend for the entire period. This represents due to increase in demand of cement, CO₂ emission of the Cement industries continuously increasing during the period. So the CO₂ emission in Indian cement sector can be effectively controlled by concentrating on intensity effect and pollution co efficient effect.

Keywords

Decomposition, Pollution Effect, Energy Intensity Effect, Structural Effect, Activity Effect

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G. Madhu ¹, M. R. Soangra ¹, Rajeev Gupta ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Medicine, Monilek Hospital and Research Centre, Jawahar Nagar, Jaipur, IN

Abstract

Dietary surveys in indian urban areas show a defective cardioprotective diet in all the socio-economic strata. More literate and upper socioeconomic status (SES) persons consume more calories, saturated fat and fruits and vegetabies and have lower intake of unsaturated fats and n-s fatty acids, persons of lower SES have greater consumption of unsaturated fats lower consumption of fruits and vegetables.

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